The movement for the unification of Karnataka began in the late 19th century, with the formation of the Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha in Dharwad in 1890 by RH Deshpande. So that the welfare of the people of each constituent unit as well as of the nation as a whole can be promoted. AlurVenkataRaowrote the celebrated work Karnataka GathaVaibhava. [15] The colourful procession is also accompanied by performances of the folk artists in the fields of drama (Bayalata), traditional dance (Dollu Kunitha, Kamsale, Veeragase, Kolata) and classical carnatic music. H. V. Nanjundaiah was unanimously elected as the President of the Parishat. Among them were Deputy Chennabasappa, Gangadhara Madivaleshwara Turumari, Srinivas Rodda, Bhujangarao Huilgol, Venkatarangu Katti and others. Under pressure, Prime Minister Nehru constituted the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC), also known as the Fazal Ali commission due to being headed by Justice Fazal Ali. Unfortunately, although territorial integration has been achieved, developmentally, Karnataka could still be divided into three: The Old Mysore region, Mumbai-Karnataka and Hyderabad-Karnataka are unequal in terms of living standards, and are developed in that order. PDF Movement for unification of Karnataka a qualitative analysis - IJCRT The colonial rule was responsible for many changes in indin life from the later part of 19th century. On November 1, 1956, the state of Mysore was formed following linguistic re-organization. This meant that the Kannadigas in these regions in spite of their large numbers they did not have an administrative patronage. The first Karnataka Unification Conference was also organised at the same venue. In 1928, due to the efforts of Gudleppa Hallikeri, the formation of a single province by uniting all Kannada speaking areas was recommended by the Nehru Committee. That also led to the decline of Kannada as a language in many of these areas. Someone burned a vehicle, and stoned were pelted at the police, who then resorted to a lathicharge. Historical and Cultural Background for the Demand for Unification of This served to reduce the apprehensions of the movement leaders and the common people. A Kannada Sabha was set up in 1916 to work towards the unification, and it was renamed the Kannada Ekikarana Sangha in 1936. This conference was inaugurated by Sardar Patel and attended by the likes of B. G. Kher, the then Chief Minister of Bombay presidency. KBC 14-The 2022 Oscar-nominated Indian documentary Writing With Fire tells the story of the women journalists of which rural newspaper? Haridasa. The assembly met for the first time on October 7 that year. You agree to our use of cookies by continuing to use our site. The conference decided among other things to establish the Kannada Sahitya Parishat on the lines of the Karnataka Vidyavardhak Sangha. This was the day in 1956 when all the Kannada language-speaking regions of south western India were merged to form the state of Karnataka. Starting with Aluru's call for a Kannada linguistic state, the movement had slowly started gaining momentum and following. Shankaragouda Patil of Adaragunchi village went on an indefinite hunger strike. The SRC opposed the unification but its findings were ignored due to overwhelming support in favour from Mysoreans such as Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya. At a K.P.P.C. This was widely supported. Kannadigas not only did not have a state of their own as they were distributedinto 20 different administrations like those of Bombay, Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, Coorg {Kodagu} and Kolhapur. This demand received a fillip when the idea of separate Karnataka State was also ratified by the INC committee led by Motilal Nehru in 1928. It took place on the basis of the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Committee. Unification of Karnataka - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka, then named Mysore State, in 1956 when several Indian states were created by redrawing borders based on linguistic demographics. Thus the Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha came into being on 20 July 1890. For the next 25 years, three Marathi officers ruled over the Bombay Karnataka area and introduced Marathi in the Kannada schools. [8] Other people credited for the unification of Karnataka include littrateurs like K. Shivaram Karanth, Kuvempu, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, A. N. Krishna Rao and B. M. But, as the state observes the 60th anniversary of that year, it appears rent apart by many conflicts both from within and without. [citation needed] Important protagonists of the Ekikarana movement including Aluru Venkata Rao were from northern parts of Karnataka. The origin of Kannada Sahitya Parishat is mentioned by, Proposal to construct a new building to house the Parishat is mentioned by, Unhealthy trends in the Parishat are mentioned by, "How to get to Pampa Mahakavi Road in S.K.R.Market by Bus, Metro", "Pincode of Pampa Mahakavi Road , Shankarpuram, Bangalore", "Kannada Sahitya Parishat, the way it has covered", "Kannada Sahitya Parishat to get new building", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat&oldid=1126986994, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. Military. This conference was attended by Kannadigas from all parts in large numbers. Srikantaiah. Hope we have satisfied your need for KPSC Prelims and Mains Preparation, 24 Quality mock tests and GS Prelims Notes, [jetpack_subscription_form title=Subscribe to KPSC Notes subscribe_text=Never Miss any KPSC important update! subscribe_button=Sign Me Up show_subscribers_total=1], KPSC Prelims Exam 2020- Test Series and Notes Program 2022, KPSC Prelims and Mains Tests Series and Notes Program 2022, KPSC Detailed Complete Prelims Notes 2022, Planning Commission, National Development Council. The JVP report, however, favoured only the creation of the Andhra state while the Karnataka Ekikarana movement was deliberately ignored. This resulted in the delay of Unification process, which could have been approved by the commission itself. Almost the entire southern half of Karnataka was then under the Wodeyars of Mysore with Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar . NARAYAN ASOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE, BANGALORE Abstract: The struggle for the unification of all kannada speaking areas began in the late 19th century. There were around 86 printing press by the end of 19th century. This was presided over by Siddappa Kambli. Which High Courts had legalized gay sex in India during 2009? The Nehru Committee opined that Karnataka can be a feasible province but the Karnataka Congress did not submit any memorandum to the Commission, because the Congress had announced the boycott against Commission. It was only in 1973, under the chief ministership of Devaraj Urs that the state was renamed as Karnataka. The first Assembly under the Indian Constitution was formed in 1952 and had 99 elected members and one nominated member. Mr. Walter Elliott, Deputy Collector of Dharwad, soon found that the language of the people was Kannada, but Marathi was imposed upon them. However, it was felt by some in the Mysore region that merging the Kannada-speaking regions would place strain on Mysores resources. The recommendations of the Commission among other things are the merger of the following regions for the formation of a United Karnataka. He was known as the 'Kannada Kula Purohita' or the 'High Priest of the Kannada family'. Historians point out that the origin of the movement for linguistic provinces can be traced to same time e.g., the demand of the Oriya speaking people and the demand for Sylhet district to be transferred from Bengal to Assam. The Vidyavardhaka Sangha and other organisations, File:Participants of the first Kannada Sahitya Parishat (Bangalore, 1915).jpg, Details of the Liberation Day celebrations in, Contributing to the cause - An article in the, Mention of the Fazal Ali report - The Hindu, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Unification_of_Karnataka&oldid=3422266, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Although the franchise was limited and powers were minimal, it marked out this princely state as the most progressive in India. The Akhila Karnataka Ekikarana Parishat met in Kasargod and reiterated the demand for a separate state for Kannadigas. A determined effort to establish Kannada schools was made by Mr. W. A. Russell, who after serving as Professor in the Deccan College at Pune, was appointed as Educational Inspector of the Southern Division of the Bombay Province. Who said that Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people? He deplored the fact that his effort came five decades after Bengali, Marathi and Hindi counterparts had made their heroes and historic triumphs a part of the Indian nationalist narrative. After Independence, the President of the Constituent Assembly formed a linguistic provinces committee on 17th June 1948 with S.K. On his death in 1957, B. S. Kakkillaya succeeded him as president until 1967. ShankargoudaPatil of Adaragunchi, a Congress worker near Hubli was holding fast unto death at the time of the meeting. Due to the efforts of these organisations and leaders, the movement not only gained in momentum but also attained a quasi-political influence. The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the SRC was reacted to positively by Kannadiga people, although there was also disappointment at the non-inclusion of certain parts of Mysore state. Kannada could live and thrive only through books and journals so the Sangha brought out its first publication two years after it was established and then came the first Kannada literary and cultural journal Vagabhushana. Decades earlier during British rule, the demand for a state based on Kannada demographics had been made. 1957 C. 1958 D. 1560 Answer: Option A Solution (By Examveda Team) Unification of Karnataka refers to formation of Indian state of Karnataka from Princely State of Mysore by State Reorganisation Act, 1956. In 1907 and again in 1908, Rao organised the All-Karnataka Writers' Conference in Dharwad. Thus, while the Kannadigas under the Nizam felt that Urdu was being forced on them at the expense of Kannada, those in the Bombay Presidency felt similarly concerning Marathi. This Question Belongs to General Knowledge >> Indian Politics. The first Karnataka Unification Conference was also held at Belgaum and presided over by Sir SiddappaKambli. For example, in the four districts of Dharwad, Belgaum, North Kanara and Bijapur districts that comprised Bombay Karnataka, Kannada culture and language had suffered severe setbacks due to prolonged Maratha rule. However, it is interesting to note that unlike language movements elsewhere which looked for an external scapegoat, Aluru Venkat Rao turned the gaze inwards. Battle of Talikota), Dialects:(Kundagannada. This was called the Ekikarana or 'Unification' movement. Kannada Saahithya Parishath ( Kannada: , romanized: Kannaa Shitya Pariattu; lit. * ka sa pa- saitya sammelanagala nirnayagalu. The protagonists of Indian nationalism also used language as a tool to. Sanjeev Chopra3 Oct 2020 5:28 PM GMT His Highness Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar, the Ruler of Mysore from 1940 ceded his kingdom to the Dominion of India in 1947 but continued as the Maharaja until India became a Republic in 1950. 1956 B. In Madras, PottiSriramulu undertook his epic fast on 19th October 1952 to press for the formation of Andhra province and on 15th December 1952 he died. [citation needed], The newly unified state initially retained the name "Mysore", which was that of the erstwhile princely state which formed the core of the new entity. For its invaluable services and contributions to Kannada and Karnataka, this institution was awarded the Ekikarana Award by the Government of Karnataka on the occasion of the 50th year celebrations of Karnataka state in 2006. The new government soon began delaying concerning the Karnataka Ekikarana movement. The demand for unification in the 1950s and before came from the inequality that Kannada-speaking people faced in other administrative regions. Unification of Karnataka - Wikipedia Havigannada. The Story of the Karnataka Vidyavardhak Sangha. [1] These areas also remained economically undeveloped. Culturally though, various parts of Karnataka have their own rich traditions in food, culture, community, festivals, and linguistic diversity. This is an issue that continues to affect those who fought for the unification of Karnataka. [9] The flag is hoisted at political party offices and several localities even as youth in many areas take out processions on their vehicles. Can you list the top facts and stats about Unification of Karnataka? (In Karnataka. Under these conditions, a feeling of discontent began among Kannadigas outside Mysore. The Legislative Council of non-official members with practical experience and knowledge of local conditions and requirements to assist Government in making Laws and Regulations was established by the erstwhile Mysore kingdom. Arebhashe), Jainism: The Karnataka EkikaranaSangha was established at the conference and it held its meetings on numerous occasions. Leaders like Gudlappa Hallikeri, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, T Mariyappa, Subramanya, Sowcar Chennaiah, H K Veerangowda, H C Dasappa and H Siddaiah attended this convention and urged the constituent assembly to create the linguistic states. One of the earliest and most important organisations that was chosen to lead the movement, the Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha also began in Dharwad. The Historical Movements in the Unification of Karnataka - ResearchGate To Russell's amazement, he found that there were not a sufficient number of persons who could teach Kannada effectively. Following the 'police action' against the Nizam, Hyderabad province and its citizens became independent on 17 September 1948. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. [4] Mokshagundam Vishweshwaraiah, who was the Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom felt the need to conserve and promote the Kannada language and literature. Thus, Mysore had a representative Assembly from 1882. Kannadigas were subjected to twenty different administrations. Arebhashe), Jainism: The Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha, Dharwad and the Kannada Sahitya Parishat, Bengalooru (that Aluru once assisted and headed) and Karnataka Samithi (R), Kasaragod were included among the recipients. The first Kannada news papercalledMangalooruSamachara from Mangalore in Karnataka began in 1843 when Hermann Mgling, a minister from Basel Mission distributed as the primary Kannada daily paper. Kannada Sahitya Parishat branches at the district and taluk levels were also created. In 1924, the Belgaum congress was held under the aegis of the newly formed Karnataka Pradesh Congress committee arm of the INC. Mahatma Gandhi presided over this historic conference. There was also widespread support growing from the newspapers and media. Battle of Raichur. The sub-committee received good responses from the public and it decided to organise a conference in Bangalore on 3 May 1915 to act upon these suggestions. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is now Karnataka fell outside the rule of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore. Sreekantiah, popularly known as Kannadada Kanva on 14 April 1940. Mysore was also the first state to make reservation on the basis of domicile and caste; the first demand came from the Mysore Brahmins, who were finding it difficult to compete with the Madras Brahmins who had a virtual monopoly over the upper tier of the state's civil service until 1920. It was established by R H Deshpande with the objective of working for the resurgence of the Kannada language which had been marginalised under the rule of the Bombay Presidency where Marathi was the official language. Its headquarters are in the city of Bengaluru in the state of Karnataka, India. AlurVenkatRao, who was called Kannada Kula Purohita, for arousing the awareness of Kannadigas, rendered yeoman service for the cause of Unification. The unification of Karnataka was achieved in the year During his term as president, the government of Kerala nominated him as a member of the State Level Committee for Linguistic Minorities in Kerala. Havigannada. Unification of Karnataka - KPSC Exam Free Notes According to a prominent annual survey, last year just 46 percent of respondents felt that unification was "very" or "somewhat" necessary, the second-lowest level since the survey began in . Which considers the state as primarily a social organism? Apart from celebrations in Karnataka, it is also observed in other regions of India with significant Kannadiga population like Mumbai, New Delhi,[23] Gurgaon[24] and Chennai. Karnataka took its present shape in 1956, when the former states of Mysore and Coorg were unified into a linguistically homogenous Kannada-speaking state along with agglomeration of districts of the former states of Bombay, Hyderabad, and Madras as part of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956.The unified Mysore State was made up of ten districts, viz., Bangalore, Kolar, Tumkur, Mandya, Mysore . [10] Religion not being a factor, the Rajyotsava is celebrated by Hindus, Muslims[11] and Christians as well. Karnataka - Wikipedia Thus the long cherished dream of the Kannadigasof a state was realized. The widespread violence in Andhra region followed after the death of PottiSrirmulu. Umesha Rao, popularly known as Gadinadu Gandhi, was the first president of the organisation and the only person to be elected to the Kerala Assembly unanimously. The acceptance of the Wadiyars in the democratic polity of India is best explained by the cardinal principles upheld by their dynasty political accommodation, enlightened governance and proactive reforms which anticipated and defused any possibility of social unrest. Dhar as Chairman. The construction of this building was completed on 29 May 1938. In his speech at the conference, Sardar Patel stated that the interests of all linguistic groups would be high on the list of priorities for the new government of independent India. He called for a movement for uniting Karnataka. KPSC Mains Public Administration and Management, Section I -History and Cultural Heritage, Section I Physical Features and Natural Resources, Section II Overview of Indian Constitution, Section II: Advancement and Modern Trends in Science, Section III- Public Administration and Management International Relations. Hhereby the big map of the new state of Mysore was brightly lit. Organisations in the movement began organising rallies, talks and conferences where demands for a separate state for Kannada speaking people was made. These two conferences were attended by a significant number of leaders, writers, poets and intellectuals from Karnataka. It was also around the time that the Indian independence movement was gathering momentum. Karnataka Rajyotsava - Wikipedia